Chapter+10

Adaptive strategies Agrarian Agribusiness Agricultural industrialization Agricultural landscape Agricultural location model Agricultural origins Agriculture Animal domestication Aquaculture Biorevolution Biotechnology Collective farm Commercial agriculture (intensive, extensive) Core/periphery Crop rotation Cultivation regions Dairying Debt-for-nature swap Diffusion Double cropping Economic activity (primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary, quinary) Environmental modification (pesticides, soil erosion, desertification) Extensive subsistence agriculture (shifting cultivation [slash-and- burn, milpa, swidden], nomadic herding/pastoralism) Extractive industry Farm crisis Farming Feedlot First agricultural revolution Fishing Food chain Forestry Globalized agriculture Green revolution Growing season Hunting and gathering Intensive subsistence agriculture Intertillage Livestock ranching Market gardening Mediterranean agriculture Mineral fuels Mining Planned economy Plant domestication Plantation agriculture Renewable/nonrenewable Rural settlement (dispersed, nucleated, building material, village form) Sauer, Carl O.  Second agricultural revolution Specialization Staple grains Suitcase farm Survey patterns (long lots, metes and bounds, township-and-range) Sustainable yield Third agricultural revolution (mechanization, chemical farming, food manufacturing) “Tragedy of the commons” Transhumance Truck farm Von Thünen, Johann Heinrich  1. When did agriculture develop? 2. How did agriculture change the social structure of societies? 3. What are the differences between hunting and gathering and agriculture as modes of life? 4. What is pastoralism? 5. What are some of the advantages of sedentism as a way of life? 6. What are some of the problems that peoples adapting to a sedentary agricultural life have to overcome? For example: a. Why do agriculturists tend to have larger families than hunter-gatherers? b. Why are agricultural villages more vulnerable--and inviting-- to attack than villages of hunter-gatherers? c. How did early agriculturists deal with the problem of security? How did they protect the fruits of their labor? d. Why were early agriculturists particularly vulnerable to disease? e. Why were some of the earliest agricultural sites eventually abandoned by their inhabitants? f. To what extent have these problems been solved? 7. What are some of the advantages of economic specialization? Why did it begin to occur shortly after agriculture emerged as a way of life?  8. Why do agricultural societies typically tend require more social discipline and allow less individual freedom than hunter-gatherer communities? 9. Why do social hierarchies and elites tend to develop in settled agricultural communities? 10. What are the advantages of developing elites and class divisions? What are the disadvantages? 11. What is the relationship between civilization and war? 12. How does agriculture differ between MDCs and LDCs? 13. What is the difference between subsistence farming and cash crop farming? 14. Why do different types of farming flourish in different areas? 15. How has commercial farming impacted the agriculture economy? 16. How has sustainable agriculture improved farming? 17. How have genetic technologies changed agriculture? 18. Why do farmers face economic difficulties? 
 * AP HUMAN VOCAB – AGRICULTURE **
 * AP HUMAN FOCUS QUESTIONS – AGRICULTURE **